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Rupert - Robert IV "le Fort - The Strong", Marquis de Neustrie is your 31st great grandfather.
Rupert - Robert IV "Fortis - le Fort - the Strong" de Neustria, Marquis de Neustrie 
| Place of Burial: | Tours, Anjou, Neustrie (Present France), Frankish Empire |
| Birth: | circa 820
Worms, Austrasia (Present Germany), Frankish Empire |
| Death: | circa 866 (46)
Brissarthe, Anjou, Neustrie (Present France), Frankish Empire (Cut down in the Battle of Brissarthe, a battle fought against Danes invading Neustria)
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Immediate Family:
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(-killed in battle Brissarthe 2 Jul 866).
Parentage
- The parentage of Robert "le Fort" is unknown. Some general indications of his origins are found in contemporary sources, but these are contradictory.
- An unspecific Franconian origin is favoured by the Annales Xantenses which name him “Ruodbertus…ortus de Francia, dux Karoli” when recording his death[3], and by Widukind who refers to his son King Eudes as “ex orientalibus Francia”[4].
- A Saxon origin is suggested by two sources: firstly, Richer names “ex equestre ordine Rotbertum” as father of King Eudes and his “avum…paternum Witichinum advenam Germanum”[5]; secondly, the Miracula Sancti Benedicti names “Robertus, Andagavensis comes, Saxonici generis vir”[6].
- Three more specific suggestions can be made:
- Firstly, many modern secondary sources identify him as Robert [Rodbert], son of Rodbert Graf im Wormsgau & his wife Wiltrud --- ([815/20]-), who was first named in Germany in 836 as "son of the late Rodbert Graf von Wormsgau", in a donation to Mettenheim[7]. No primary source has yet been found which points specifically towards this suggested co-identity, although it is consistent with the Franconian origin referred to by the Annales Xantenses and by Widukind, noted above. It is assumed that the suggestion is based primarily on onomastics, although the first secondary source which proposed the connection has not yet been identified and therefore has not been not checked. The author in question may also have assumed that Robert was a unique name among noblemen in France in the first half of the 9th century, although this ignores Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, who was the possible brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (see the document CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The timing of the supposed arrival of Robert from Franconia, assuming that the co-identity is correct, is not ideal either. Robert would presumably have fled Germany after opting to support Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in the latter´s fight against his brother Ludwig II "der Deutsche” King of the East Franks. This dispute is dated to 858/59: King Ludwig invaded in Aug 858, when King Charles was faced with widespread rebellion, and was defeated in Jan 859. However, Robert "le Fort" is already named as missus in Maine, Anjou and Touraine in Nov 853, in a document issued by King Charles II[8] (unless of course this document refers to Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau, which is not impossible).
- Secondly, there is a possible connection between Robert "le Fort" and the family of Aledramn [I] Comte de Troyes, who died in [852] (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). Such indications are provided by Regino who names "Waltgerius comes, nepos Odonis regis, filius scilicet avunculi eius Adalhelmi in Aquitanien" when recording his battle against "Ramnulfum et fratrem eius Gozbertum et Ebulonem abbatum de sancto Dionysio " in Jul 892, and names "Megingaudus comes, nepos supradicti Odonis regis [son of Robert "le Fort"]" when recording his death, also in 892[9]. A further indication is found in the charter dated 14 Sep 937, under which Robert "le Fort"´s grandson "Hugues abbé de Saint-Martin" donated "son alleu de Lachy…dans le comté de Meaux" to Tours Saint-Martin, specifying that he had inherited the property from "comte Aledramnus" who had been granted it by Charlemagne[10]. It should be noted, however, that all these sources would be consistent with the family connection between Robert "le Fort" and Adalhelm being through the female line, even through Robert´s wife.
- Thirdly, an interesting possibility is indicated by Europäische Stammtafeln[11], which names the first wife of Comte Robert as "[Agane]". It cites no corresponding primary source, but presumably the suggestion is based on the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[12]. This "Roberto" can probably be identified as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, the supposed brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine (this relationship is referred to by Settipani, but he neither quotes nor cites the corresponding source[13]). Could it be possible therefore that he was the same person as Robert "le Fort"? If this was correct, it would be consistent with the Saxon origin which is suggested by Richer and by the Miracula Sancti Benedicti (see above). The supposed father of Robert de Sesseau was Theodebert Comte de Madrie who, it is suspected, was related to the family of Nibelung and Childebrand (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY). The Saxon connection of the latter family is suggested by the name Theoderic (nine different individuals named Theoderic have been identified in the family), which was first recorded in Saxony in the family of Widukind by Einhard in 782 (see the document SAXONY).
Career
Whatever the truth about Robert´s parentage, his career in France is recorded from 853: a document issued by Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks dated Nov 853 names "Dodo episcopus, Hrotbertus et Osbertus" as missi in "Cinnomannio, Andegavensi, atque Turonico, Corboniso, et Sagiso"[14].
The Annales Bertiniani record that "Pippinus" joined with "Rotberto comiti et Britonibus" in 859[15], which suggests that Robert had earlier rebelled against King Charles II in Brittany. Robert submitted to the king's authority, when he was given command of the march of Neustria, which had been confiscated from the Rorgonid family for supporting the revolt of Louis (later King Louis II) against his father[16].
Regino records that King Charles II "le Chauve" invested "Rodberto comiti" with "ducatum inter Ligerim et Sequanam adversum Brittones" in 861[17]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rodbertus" attacked "Salomone duce" [duke of Brittany] in 862[18].
The Annales record that King Charles´s son, the future King Louis II "le Bègue", rebelled against his father in 862 and, heading an army of Bretons, defeated "Rotbertum patris fidelem" in 862, after which he burned Angers yet again[19].
Count in the march of Anjou [862/63]: the creation of the "march" of Anjou is probably dated to the early 860s, as the Annales Bertiniani name "Rodberto, qui marchio in Andegavo fuerat" in 865[20].
However, this change of jurisdictional status must have been insufficient to control the Bretons and the Vikings because Robert is named in the Annales Bertiniani in 865 in the context of King Charles imposing direct rule in the area by sending "Hludowicum filium suum" into "Neustriam" and granting him "comitatum Andegavensem et abbatiam Maioris-monasterii et quasdam villas illi", while Robert was compensated with "comitatum Autissiodorensem et comitatum Nivernensem". Comte d'Auxerre and Comte de Nevers 865.
The Annales Bertiniani name "Rodbertus et Odo" as "præfecti" in the Seine valley area in 866 when recording that they repelled the Vikings who had sailed up river as far as "castrum Milidunum"[21]. "Odo" is presumably identified as Eudes Comte de Troyes, who died 1 Aug 871 (see CAROLINGIAN NOBILITY) and who, according to Edouard de Saint-Phalle, was the brother of Robert "le Fort"[22].
The Annales Bertiniani record that "Rotbertum et Ramnulfum, Godtfridum quoque et Heriveum comites" were defeated by the Vikings at "Brieserta" in 866, where Robert was killed[23]. The Adonis Continuatio records that "Robertus quoque atque Ramnulfus…inter primos ipsi priores" were killed by the Vikings in 866[24].
Marriage
m ---. The name of Comte Robert's wife is not known.
- Some secondary works[25] assert that she was Adelais de Tours, widow of Conrad Comte de Paris et d'Auxerre [Welf], daughter of Hugues Comte de Tours. If this is correct, Adelais must have been Comte Robert's second wife as Conrad died after 862 by which date Robert's known children were already born. Settipani[26] states that the only basis for the assertion is a 12th century interpolation in the Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which is of little historical value.
- Nevertheless, he suggests that it is likely that the wife of Comte Robert was a close relation of Adelais, although the basis for his statement is not known. A family connection between Comte Robert and Conrad Comte de Paris is also suggested by the former being invested with the county of Auxerre in 865, after this county was confiscated from the latter (as recorded by Hincmar[27]), on the assumption that there was some basis of heredity behind the transmission of counties in France at that time (which is probable, but remains unproved).
- The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne, interpolated into the Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines, names "Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris" as wife of "Roberti Fortis marchionis"[28]. This is chronologically impossible as Regina must have been born in [785] at the latest (the birth of her older son is recorded in 801), and therefore was far too old to have been the mother of Robert's children.
- According to Europäische Stammtafeln[29], the first wife of Comte Robert was "[Agane]". The primary source on which this is based is not noted, but as stated above, it is probably the Miraculis Sancti Genulfi which names "Agana filia…Byturicensium comes…Wifredus [et]…Oda coniux" as wife of "Roberto viro primoque palatii Pipini regis"[30]. As discussed above, this would imply that Robert "le Fort" was the same person as Robert Seigneur [comte] à Sesseau en Berry, probably brother of the wife of Pepin I King of Aquitaine. If this co-identity is correct, Agana would have been too old to have been the mother of the recorded children of Robert "le Fort". It would therefore be consistent for her to have been Robert´s first wife.
Children
Comte Robert & his wife had three children:
1.
EUDES [Odo] (in Neustria [after 852][31]-La Fère-sur-Oise 3 Jan 898).
- Herimannus names "Odo filius Roudperti" when recording his assuming power in "Gallia usque ad Ligerim et in Aquitania" after the death of Emperor Karl III[32].
- The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "Odonem ducem Aquitanio" succeeded as king of France, stating that he was "filius Raimundi comitis Lemovicensis"[33], although it is not known on what information this may be based.
- He succeeded his father in 866 as Marquis en Neustrie, but was dispossessed in 868 by Charles II “le Chauve” King of the West Franks in favour of Hugues l’Abbé.
- He was created Comte de Paris 882-83, after unsuccessfully challenging Hugues l’Abbé for his inheritance.
- Abbot of Saint-Martin de Tours: "Eudes…comme abbé de Saint-Martin" exchanged "la villa de Marsat en Auvergne et la villa…Dronius" for "les villæ…Balneacum et Vineas situées en Berri dans le vicaria Corboninse" with Frothaire Archbishop of Bourges by charter dated May 886[34].
- He was finally invested as Marquis de Neustrie in Sep 886, following the death during the siege of Paris of Duke Heinrich (who was ancestor of the "alte" Babenberg family, see the document FRANCONIA NOBILITY) to whom Emperor Charles II had granted the territories of Robert “le Fort” on the death of Hugues l’Abbé earlier in the same year[35].
- "Odo Parisiorum pagi…comes" donated land at Fontenay, Charenton to Notre-Dame by charter dated to before 888, subscribed by "Roberti comitis, Altmari comitis"[36].
- He was acclaimed as EUDES King of France 29 Feb 888. He was consecrated king at Compiègne by the Archbishop of Sens.
- King Eudes defeated the Normans at Montfaucon-en-Argonne 24 Jun 888, after which he was recognised as king by Arnulf King of the East Franks who sent royal insignia for a second consecration at Reims 13 Nov 888[37].
- He was succeeded by the Carolingian Charles III, who had been consecrated as anti-king at Reims 28 Jan 893, according to the agreement reached in 897 between the two adversaries after Eudes defeated Charles[38].
- The Annales Prumienses record the death "898 III Non Ian" of "Odo rex"[39]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "IV Non Jan" of "Odo rex"[40].
m as her first husband, THEODERADA, daughter of --- (-18 Oct [after 900]). "Odo…rex" confirmed the possessions of "monasterio Vedastino" by charter dated 21 May [891/92] which names "coniux nostra Theoderada"[41]. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[42], she was Theoderada, [daughter of Aledramn [II. The primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. Settipani says that it has no historical basis[43]. Nevertheless, Theoderic, supposed son of Adelramn [II], was a strong supporter of King Eudes, as recorded in the Annales Vedastini[44], which is best explained by a family connection: if the relationship is correct, he would have been Theoderada´s brother. She married secondly Otto. Her second marriage is confirmed by the Kalendarium Sanctæ Mariæ Virdunensis, which records the death "XIV Kal Jul" of "Otto comes venerabilis qui dedit fratribus Haraudi montem, Bresadi villam, Samepodium"[45], read together with the necrology of Verdun Cathedral which records the death "XV Kal Nov" of "Theudrada regina et postea sancti monialis qui cum viro suo Hattone dedit fratribus Haraldi montem"[46]. These two sources make it clear that "viro suo Hattone" named in the second cannot refer to Eudes King of France, who would not have been called "Otto comes" in the first.
King Eudes & his wife had [three] children: a) children . King Eudes refers to his unnamed children in 889 according to Settipani, who does not cite the primary source on which this is based[47]. b) [RAOUL ([882]-after 898). He is named as son of King Eudes in Europäische Stammtafeln[48] but the primary source on which this is based has not been identified. King of Aquitaine.] c) [ARNOUL ([885]-898). The Chronicle of Adémar de Chabannes records that "filius eius Arnulfus" succeeded on the death of father "Francorum…rege Odone" but lived only a short time[49]. This is the only source so far identified which mentions Arnoul.] d) [GUY [Wido] . "Alanus" [Duke of Brittany] signed a charter dated 28 Aug 903 witnessed by "…Guido filius Ottonis regis Franciæ qui tunc erat cum Alano"[50]. According to Settipani, the charter is a forgery[51].]
2.
ROBERT ([860]-killed in battle near Soissons 15 Jun 923). "Rodbertum fratrem Odonis regis" is named in the Cartulaire de Saint-Bertin[52]. He was elected
ROBERT I King of France in 922.
__________________
From
the English Wikipedia article on Robert IV The Strong:
(With translated portions taken from the corresponding
French Wikipedia article, not found in the English)
Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert) (820 – July 2, 866[1]), was Margrave in Neustria. (The French Wikipedia article suggests he could have been born as early as 815. He was also Count of Tours and Anjou.)
His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by King Charles the Bald "Missus dominicus" ("Envoy of the lord," or Frankish judicial commissioner, a type of circuit judicial court judge) in 853.
Robert was
the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms.
Origins and rise to power
While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye or perhaps from the family of Chrodegang of Metz.
(French Wikipedia says that Robert Le Fort was probably the son of Robert, Comte de Worms, Oberrheingau, and Waldrada (d. c.834), and brother of Eudes d'Orleans (d. 834). At a symposium in Angers in 1987, Captetian historian Karl Ferdinand Werner confirmed that he had originally came from the Rhein, according to testimony of Regino Prum. His research indicates his family were in power in the Loire, and may have been linked to the clan led by Seneschal Adalard and two groups of relatives in the west: the Counts Geroldiens (from Gerold of Vinzgouw) at Blois, Chateaudun and Angers, and the Widonides based in the Marches of Bretony.)
During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia.
(French Wikipedia says: Robert Le Fort is quoted as leaving the middle Rhine in 836, but without title. During the power struggle between the sons of Louis I The Pious, he sided with Charles the Bald, who was the son of Eudes d'Orleans, abandoning the lands incorporated into the Kingdom of Lothair I and taking refuge in the west with his mother's family.)
After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of "Missus dominicus" in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine (or, in summary, Neustria, especially in Tours and Angers) was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. (French Wikipedia says that he may have been named Comte de Tours at this point in time.)
Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.
Revolt
(French Wikipedia says: In 856, Charles the Bald installs his son Louis as the leader of the "Duchy of Le Mans," a territory that corresponds with the Marches of Neustria. Robert is mentioned in neither that occasion, nor from November 853 to 854, when the Normans returned to loot the Loire, Angers, Tours, and Blois. Perhaps he was removed from power at that time.)
Despite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert.
Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled.
Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt.
War with Bretons and Vikings
While count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert.
In 862 two groups of Vikings—one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition—converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley.[2] Robert captured 12 of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled.
He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon.[3] Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria.[4] The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria.
(French Wikipedia says that the Vikings established bases at the mouth of the Loire River in 853, and the Seine in 856 under the leadership of their chief, Hastein.)
Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.
(French Wikipedia says: In 866, Charles the bald granted, in addition to the new title of Marquis of Neustria, the college of the Abbey of St-Martin-de-Tours, a prestigious abbey in Tours that collects a large amount of revenue (mense). On the page for the Basilique St-Martin de Tours, the Basilica is said to have been burnt by Vikings in 818, and shortly after rebuilt. This may be the St-Martin indicated by the Celtic Casimir online family tree about the burial place of Robert Le Fort.)
Death and legacy
In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church.
Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.
The name of Robert's wife is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars she was Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf. Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife.
French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines.[5] The Europäische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo (860-1 Jan 898) and Robert (866-15 July 923).
Sources
Smith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8
Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2
Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4
References
1.^ Robert le Fort on Medieval Lands site
2.^ Einar Joranson (1923), The Danegeld in France (Rock Island: Augustana), 59–61.
3.^ Robert probably expected Salomon to hire them to replace the defeated Mediterranean Vikings, then to attack Neustria from two sides: with the Viking ships ascending the Loire and Breton troops invading by land.
4.^ In 860–1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 pounds. The king had probably authorised Robert's payment.
5.^ The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne names Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris as the wife of Roberti Fortis marchionis, but this Regina, concubine of Charlemagne, must have been born by 785 at the latest, since she had borne a son by 801. A marriage to Robert is chronologically implausible.
--------------------
From Darryl Lundy's Peerage page on Robert of Neustria (Forrás / Source):
http://www.thepeerage.com/p10519.htm#i105188
Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria M, #105188, d. circa 866 Last Edited=19 Jun 2005
Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria died circa 866, killed. (1)
Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Strong'. (1)
Children of Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria -1. Robert I, Roi de France+ d. c 15 Jun 9232 -2. Eudes, Roi de France b. 856, d. 898 -------------------
-------------------- Unattributed English-language biography:
ROBERT-THE STRONG:
Marquess of Neustria, was the father of Eudes, (King Odo) of the West Franks (c857-898) and of ROBERT I, King of France (865-923). ROBERT I's daughter married Raoul of Burgundy, who later became King Rudolph of France. ROBERT I's son, HUGH-THE-GREAT, Duke of Franks, Count of Paris, was the brother-in-law of King Rudolph. HUGH-the-GREAT's son, HUGH CAPET, lived from approximately 938 to 996, and was crowned King of France in 987
French warrior, marquess of Neustria; father of the French kings Eudes and Robert I and ancestor of the Capetians. He joined the rebellious nobles against Charles II, Emperor of the West. They invited Louis the German to invade France (858). Becoming reconciled to Charles in 861, Robert was charged with the defense of the country between the Seine and the Loire, from which he repelled the Bretons and the Normans. He was killed fighting against the Normans. -------------------- Occupation: Marquis of Neustria -------------------- From the English Wikipedia page on the Battle of Brissarthe:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brissarthe
The Battle of Brissarthe was fought on 2 July 866[1]), between the Franks and a joint Breton-Viking army near Brissarthe, Neustria. It was marked by the death of Robert the Strong, the Neustrian margrave, and Ranulf I, the duke of Aquitaine.
In 866, Salomon, Duke of Brittany, allied with Hastein (Hasting), a Danish chieftain, for an expedition into Anjou, Maine, and Touraine. In the course of the campaign, Le Mans was sacked.
Robert, commander of the afflicted regions, assembled a large army to expel them. He was joined by Ranulf of the region of Poitou and Gauzfrid and (his son) Hervé of Maine.
The Frankish army succeeded in intercepting the Danes before they reached their boats on the Loire River.
(French Wikipedia says that Robert knew he couldn't stop the Danes from sacking Le Mans, but he knew that they had to return to their boats by way of the river. He waited with his army near his villa of Chateauneuf-sur-Sarthe, a place where the river splits into several branches, creating an obstruction for the Viking river boats.)
The Danes (forced to come ashore) took refuge in a church, but the Franks besieged them (after failing in an assault on its stone walls). During the night, the Danes attempted to escape. During the ensuing battle, Robert was killed, Ranulf mortally wounded by an arrow, and Hervé injured. With the loss of their leaders, the Franks had to retreat.
(The French Wikipedia page says: Robert Le Fort posted sentinels, and while some of his men went to plunder the Viking boats still in the river, he removed his armor (including the broigne chain cloak he had been wearing). At nightfall, Hastein tried to escape. Robert Le Fort, without armor, went to the forefront of the Franks, who easily push the Vikings back into the church. In the fighting, Robert is cut down, and the Comte de Poitiers is seriously wounded by an arrow; he dies during the following October. Without a leader, the Franks withdraw and the Vikings escape.)
In 867, Charles the Bald entered negotiations (at Compiegne) with Salomon (through Pascweten, his step-son) and Charles the Bald recognised him as King of Brittany (as well as the succession to Riwallon, Salomon's son). He conceded the Cotentin and possible the Avranchin to the Breton.
Hastein continued to ravage the Loire Valley for many more years. He hit Bourges in 867, Orléans in 868, and Angers in 872. Charles appealed for assistance to Salomon.
(According to the French Wikipedia page: For the Robertian dynasty, the consequences were almost as important, as his sons Odo and Robert - our ancestor - were placed under the guardianship of Abbot Hugh, to which his honors are given over, honors which nearly went to the Welf lineage.)
Primary sources
1. Regino of Prüm (Chronicles) 2. Annales Bertiniani (Annals of St. Bertin)
(French Wikipedia also uses: Michel Dillange, The Counts of Poitou, Dukes of Aquitaine (778-1204), Geste editions, al . "The Nativity ", 1995 , 304P. (ISBN 2-910919-09-9), P.63-69 .) -------------------- Other Event(s) Slain at Blissarthe, Anjou, France
AKA (Facts Page): Robert 'le Fort' or 'the Strong' IV, Marquess of Neustria -------------------- From the English Wikipedia page on the Robertians:
The Robertians, or Robertines, were a Frankish predecessor family of what became the Capetians. The family included a large number of forms of Robert including Robert of Worms, Robert of Hesbaye, Robert the Strong, and Robert I of France. They figured prominently amongst Carolingian nobility and married into this royal family. Eventually the Robertians delivered Frankish kings themselves such as Odo, Robert and Hugh Capet. Those Robertians ruled in the Frankish kingdom Western Francia. Hugh Capet is known as the "last Frankish king" and the first king of France. He is the founder of the Capetians, a family that ruled France until the French Revolution.
Origin
The oldest known Robertians probably originated in the county Hesbaye, around Tongeren in modern-day Belgium. The first certain ancestor is Robert the Strong count of Paris, probably son of Robert of Worms, grandson of Robert of Hesbaye, and nephew of Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingram, wife of Louis the Pious. Other related family includes Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey, his sister Landrada and her son Saint Chrodogang, archbishop of Metz.
From Robert the Strong
The sons of Robert the Strong were Odo and Robert, who were both king of Western Francia and ruled during the Carolingian era. His daughter Richildis married a count of Troyes. The family became Counts of Paris under Odo and "Dukes of the Franks" under Robert, possessing large parts of the ancient Neustria. Although quarrels continued between Robert's son Hugh the Great and Louis IV, they were mended upon the ascension of Lothair. Lothair granted Hugh the Duchy of Burgundy and Aquitaine, expanding the Robertian dominions.
The Carolingian dynasty ceased to rule France upon the death of Louis V. After the death of Louis, the son of Hugh the Great, Hugh Capet was chosen as king of the Franks. He became to be known as the first king of France. Hugh was crowned at Noyon on July 3, 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III. With Hugh's coronation, a new era began for France, and his descendants came to be named, after him, the Capetians. They ruled France as the Capetians, Valois, and Bourbons until the French Revolution. They returned after 1815 and ruled until Louis Philippe was deposed in 1848.
However they continue to rule Spain through the Bourbon Dynasty right down to Juan Carlos of Spain.
Family branches
Rodbert Ingerman of Hesbaye Ermengarde of Hesbaye, wife of Louis the Pious Cancor, founder of the Lorsch Abbey Landrada Saint Chrodogang, Archbishop of Metz, Abbot of the Lorsch Abbey Robert of Hesbaye Robert of Worms Robert the Strong Odo, king of Western Francia married Theodrada Wido Richildis, or Regilindis, married Wilhelm I of Périgeux Robert, king of Western Francia, second marriage to Beatrix of Vermandois Emma, married Rudolph of Burgundy Adela, married Herbert II, Count of Vermandois Hugh the Great, married for the 3rd time to Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Fowler Hugh Capet Hadwig, married Reginar IV, Count of Mons Robert II Otto-Henry, married to Gerberga of Chalons Odo Beatrix, married Frederick of Bar Emma, married Richard I of Normandy Herbert, bishop of Auxerre
Sources
The Carolingians, a family who forged Europe, by Pierre Riché - University of Pennsylvania Press La Préhistoire des Capetiens, Premiére Partie: Mérovingiens, Carolingiens et Robertiens, by Christian Settipani et Patrick Van Kerrebrouck -------------------- From
http://www.rpi.edu/~holmes/Hobbies/Genealogy/ps03/ps03_443.htm
Robert, Count of Anjou and Blois, was one of the great leaders in the Carolingian period and became Rector (Lay Abbot) of St. Martin de Marmoutier, near Tours, in 852. He was killed in action against the Norsemen. He was created Count of Anjou and of Blois, and acquired the countships of Auxerre and Nevers. He is remembered for his heroic defense of the Frankish realm lying between the Seine and Loire rivers against the Norse and Bretons. His title of "Duke" was military, not hereditary. Modern scholarship states that he is Rutpert IV, Count in the Wormsgau as early as 836, whose father is Rutpert III, Count of record from 812, dead by 834. "Ancestral Roots..." (Balt., 1992), line 48, shows his mother to be Adelaide or Aelis of Tours and Alsace (b. ca. 819, d. ca. 866), widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau and Auxerre (d. 863) and dau. of Hugh, Count of Tours. -------------------- Robert was a magnate who was the right hand of Charles the Bald & died fighting the Norsemen. Killed at the Battle of Brissarthe. When he had the Vikings cornered in a church he thought he was safe & removed his armour & began to besiege the church. The trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack & killed him before he had time to rearm. --------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Strong -------------------- Robert IV the Strong (also known as Rutpert) (820-September 15, 866), was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms. --------------------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_IV_the_Strong --------------------
Rutpert IV, Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; killed 15 Sep 866, called Robert the Strong; m. (1); m. (2) c 864, Aelis (or Adelaide) of Tours & Alsace, b. c 819, d. c 866, widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau
and Auxerre, d. 863, daughter of Hugh, Count of Tours, by his wife Bava. He had by (2) wife: (1) Odo or Eudes, King of the Franks (France), and (2) Robert I, Count of Paris 888, King of the Franks 922-3, father of Hugh Magnus. [Ancestral Roots]
- Note:
- Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
- Note: Page: Robert The Strong
- Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
- Note: Page: 48-17
-------------------- killed in battle against Normans
Burial: St Martin De Chaateauneuf,France
General Notes
- Note:
Rutpert IV, Count in Wormgau, seen 836; of Anjou, Blois, Tours, Auxerre, Nevers; killed 15 Sep 866, called Robert the Strong; m. (1); m. (2) c 864, Aelis (or Adelaide) of Tours & Alsace, b. c 819, d. c 866, widow of Conrad I, Count of Aargau
and Auxerre, d. 863, daughter of Hugh, Count of Tours, by his wife Bava. He had by (2) wife: (1) Odo or Eudes, King of the Franks (France), and (2) Robert I, Count of Paris 888, King of the Franks 922-3, father of Hugh Magnus. [Ancestral Roots]
- Note:
- Note: Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
- Note: Page: Robert The Strong
- Note: Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
- Note: Page: 48-17
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Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria died circa 866, killed.1
Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria also went by the nick-name of Robert 'the Strong'.1
Children of Robert of Neustria, Duke of Neustria
* Robert I, Roi de France+ d. c 15 Jun 9232
* Eudes, Roi de France b. 856, d. 898
http://www.thepeerage.com/p10519.htm#i105188
--------------------
Robert IV the Strong (820 – July 2, 866[1)], also known as Rutpert, was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh Capet and thus the ancestor of all the Capetians. His father was Robert of Worms[2].
The name of Robert's wife is not attested in primary sources. According to some modern scholars[2] she was
Adelaide or Adalais, a daughter of Hugh of Tours (and thus an Etichonid) and the widow of Conrad I of Auxerre (died 862), a Welf. Since Robert already had children by 862, Adelaide would have to have been his second wife. French genealogist Christian Settipani has identified the source of this identification as the unreliable twelfth-century Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, which was interpolated into the chronicle of Alberic of Trois-Fontaines.[6] The Europäische Stammtafeln has identified Robert's first wife as a certain Agane[2]. Whatever the facts, two of Robert's sons became kings of France: Odo and Robert.
Origins and rise to power While very little is known about the beginnings of the Robertian family, historians have been able to adduce that the family of nobles had its origins in Hesbaye or perhaps from the family of Chrodegang of Metz. During the reign of Louis the German, the Robertian family moved from East Francia to West Francia. After his arrival in West Francia, Charles the Bald showed his favour of the family defecting from his enemy Louis by assigning Robert to the lay abbacy of Marmoutier in 852. In 853 the position of missus dominicus in the provinces of Maine, Anjou, and Touraine was given him and he had de facto control of the ancient ducatus Cenomannicus, a vast duchy centred on Le Mans and corresponding to the regnum Neustriae. Robert's rise came at the expense of the established family of the Rorigonids and was designed to curb their regional power and to defend Neustria from Viking and Breton raids.
[edit] RevoltDespite the fact that he was a favoured noble of Charles, Robert joined a rebellion against the king in 858. He led the Frankish nobles of Neustria with the Bretons under Salomon in inviting Louis the German to invade West Francia and receive their homage. The revolt had been sparked by the marriage alliance between Charles and Erispoe, Duke of Brittany, and by the investment of Louis the Stammerer with the regnum Neustriae (856). These actions significantly curtailed the influence both of Salomon and Robert. Charles compensated Robert for the losses suffered in this civil war by giving him the counties of Autun and Nevers in Burgundy, which greatly enlarged his landholdings. In 856 he had to defend Autun from Louis the German following the death of Lothair I. But following Erispoe's assassination in November 857, both he and Salomon rebelled.
Louis the German reached Orléans in September 858 and received delegations from the Breton and Neustrian leaders, as well as from Pepin II. The Neustrian rebels had chased Louis the Stammerer from Le Mans, his capital, earlier that year. In 861, Charles made peace with Robert and appointed him Count of Anjou, even though he had been involved in the revolt.
[edit] War with Bretons and VikingsWhile count of Anjou, Robert was able to successfully defend the northern coast against the threat of a Viking invasion. In 862 Charles granted Louis the Stammerer, his son, the lay abbacy of Saint Martin of Tours, a small benefice in comparison with the kingdom he had received in 856 (and lost in 858). The young Louis rebelled and was quickly joined by Salomon, who supplied him with troops for a war against Robert.
In 862 two groups of Vikings—one the larger of two fleets recently forced out of the Seine by Charles the Bald, the other a fleet returning from a Mediterranean expedition—converged on Brittany, where one (the Mediterranean) was hired by the Breton duke Salomon to ravage the Loire valley.[3] Robert captured twelve of their ships, killing all on board save a few who fled. He then opened negotiations with the former Seine Vikings, and hired them against Salomon for 6,000 pounds of silver. The purpose of this was doubtless to prevent them from entering the service of Salomon.[4] Probably Robert had to collect a large amount in taxes to finance what was effectively a non-tributary Danegeld designed to keep the Vikings out of Neustria.[5] The treaty between the Franks and the Vikings did not last more than a year: in 863 Salomon made peace and the Vikings, deprived of an enemy, ravaged Neustria.
Robert made war on Pepin II in his later years. In 863 he had to defend Autun again from Louis the German, this time after the death of Charles of Provence. Robert was in Neustria during 865 and 866, with Bretons and Vikings ravaging the environs of Le Mans.
[edit] Death and legacy. In 866, Robert was killed at the Battle of Brissarthe while, unsurprisingly, defending Francia against a joint Breton-Viking raiding party, led by Salomon, Duke of Brittany, and the Viking chieftain Hastein. During the battle, Robert had entrapped the Viking commander in a nearby church. Thinking he was not endangered, Robert took off his armour and began to besiege the church. Once Robert was unarmoured, the trapped Vikings launched a surprise attack and killed him before he had time to re-arm. His success against the Vikings led to his heroic characterisation as "a second Maccabaeus" in the Annales Fuldenses.
[edit] SourcesSmith, Julia M. H. Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians. Cambridge University Press: 1992. ISBN 0-521-38285-8 Hummer, Hans J. Politics and Power in Early Medieval Europe: Alsace and the Frankish Realm 600 – 1000. Cambridge University Press: 2005. ISBN 0-521-85441-2 Bradbury, Jim. The Capetians, Kings of France 987-1328. Hambledon Continuum: 2007. ISBN 978-1-85285-528-4 [edit] References1.^ Robert le Fort on Medieval Lands site 2.^ a b c Baldwin, Stephen (2008-07-28). "Robert the Strong". The Henry Project.
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/rober100.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-24. 3.^ Einar Joranson (1923), The Danegeld in France (Rock Island: Augustana), 59–61. 4.^ Robert probably expected Salomon to hire them to replace the defeated Mediterranean Vikings, then to attack Neustria from two sides: with the Viking ships ascending the Loire and Breton troops invading by land. 5.^ In 860–1 Charles the Bald had collected a general tax to pay a Danegeld of 5,000 pounds. The king had probably authorised Robert's payment. 6.^ The Chronicle of Saint-Bénigne names Regine, que cum esset iuvencula fuit concubina Karoli Magni iam senioris as the wife of Roberti Fortis marchionis, but this Regina, concubine of Charlemagne, must have been born by 785 at the latest, since she had borne a son by 801. A marriage to Robert is chronologically implausible.
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http://www.celtic-casimir.com/webtree/2/3037.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counts_of_Blois --------------------
Roberto, o Forte, nasceu em 815, foi Conde de Anjou a 862, Conde de Auxerre e Conde de Nevers a 865, e Marquês da Nêustria. Ele morreu em 2 de julho de 866 em Brissarthe, Maine-et-Loire. [editar] Relações Familiares
Sua ascendência ainda é objeto de estudo. Também não há certeza sobre o nome de sua esposa. Ele foi pai de:
- Odo, Conde de Paris, depois Rei da França entre 888 e 898.
- Roberto I de França, que foi Rei da França entre 922 e 923.
in: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. <
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto,_o_Forte>
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CARMICHAEL, Rev. Edward William, 80, of High Point, went home to be with his Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ on Friday, November 18, 2011. Rev. Carmichael had served as pastor of various churches throughout Virginia and Maryland until his retirement from Salem Baptist Church in Crozier, Va. in 1998.The family will receive friends Monday, November 21, 2011 from 6:30 until 8:30 p.m. at Gate City Baptist Church, 5250 Hilltop Rd. in Jamestown, N.C. A memorial service will be held at 2 p.m., Tuesday, November 22, 2011 at the church. A private burial will follow in Guilford Memorial Park Cemetery. Memorial contributions can be made to a . Online condolences can be made at 
